Connection Pooling
Connection pooling reuses a set of open database connections across many requests, avoiding the cost of opening a new connection each time and protecting the database from overload.
Opening a PostgreSQL connection is relatively expensive, and the database has a finite connection limit. A pool keeps a fixed number of connections open and hands them out to requests as needed.
Pooling is essential for serverless and high-concurrency apps, where thousands of short-lived requests would otherwise exhaust the database's connections.
Poolers like PgBouncer sit between the app and PostgreSQL, multiplexing many client connections onto fewer database connections.
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